Exosome Analysis Services

The exosome tracking service enables real-time monitoring and visualization of the dynamic distribution and functionality of exosomes within living organisms. Leveraging our significant expertise in exosome projects, we support customers in acquiring profound insights into the intricate mechanisms of exosomes in biological processes, offering crucial assistance for their clinical applications.

Figure 1. Uptake of PKH67 labeled exosomes by granulosa cells after co-incubation in vitro. (Saeed-Zidane, et al., 2017).

Nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) technology is an emerging method for nanoparticle characterization that can detect exosomes as small as 30 nm. It provides high-resolution size distribution comparable to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determines particle concentrations for entire populations as well as subpopulations, and quantifies multiple parameters simultaneously.

Figure 2. nFCM result for CSF exosome characterized with CD63. (Creative Biostructure)

Nucleic acids are another important cargo that exosomes carry, including deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and coding and non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNA) such as messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). After exosome isolation, nucleic acids need to be accurately quantified to track various medical conditions and diseases, especially when the nucleic acids of exosomes differ significantly from the parental cell content.

Creative Biostructure provides a complete exosome workflow solution to analyze the nucleic acid profiles of exosomes, starting from fast and efficient RNA isolation to exosome RNA sequencing using qRT-PCR and novel sequencing techniques.

Figure 3. Differentially expressed miRNAs. (Creative Biostructure)

Exosome gene verification facilitates the assessment of gene expression under various conditions, illuminating disease mechanisms and aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets and biomarkers. By accurately verifying gene expression within exosomes, researchers can gain insights into how exosomal contents reflect the cellular environment, which is essential for studying disease states, treatment responses, and overall cellular health.

Lipids, an important part of cellular physiology, are major components of exosomes. The significance of lipids in exosome biology is highlighted by the fact that the lipid content of exosomes differs from that of parent cells and changes during physiological processes. Studying exosome lipidomics offers valuable opportunities to identify lipid-based biomarkers and understand their role in disease monitoring. Additionally, a wide range of exosome metabolites can be used for biomarker discovery, as they exhibit distinct metabolite profiles during different stages of disease treatment.

Our customized services provide comprehensive support for exosome lipidomics and metabolomics studies by utilizing various analytical methods for data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, including thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

Figure 4. Characterization of the metabolite content of human plasma exosome-like vesicle. (Altadill et al., 2016)

Exosome proteomics has been recognized as a valuable approach for biomarker monitoring, providing insights into the physiological state of parent cells and exosomes. For analysis by mass spectrometry, exosome proteins can be separated by SDS-PAGE, in-gel digested , and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS experiments. Based on our customers' needs, we offer services ranging from exosome isolation to data collection and analysis, culminating in a final report with the results.

Figure 5. Exosome proteomics analysis from human saliva. (Sun et al., 2018)

Exosome modification omics studies the modifications of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other molecules in exosomes, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. These modifications impact the structure, stability, and function of molecules, influencing the biological effects of exosomes. Research methods include high-throughput sequencing, mass spectrometry, and immunoblotting. This field comprehensively analyzes modification types, sites, and levels in exosomes to reveal their functional impacts.

Exosome microbiomics analysis is a rapidly growing field in life science research. We provide advanced services to study the complex interactions between exosomes and microorganisms. Exosomes can defend against microorganisms by delivering immune molecules and encapsulating pathogens to prevent further infection. Conversely, microorganisms can influence exosome production and function, using them to regulate immune responses and facilitate cross-cellular transmission.

The functional evaluation of cell and animal models in exosome technology services is a key step in assessing the biological functions and pharmacological properties of exosomes, providing a scientific basis for their clinical application. Creative Biostructure has a comprehensive technology platform and extensive service experience, offering a variety of exosome model functional evaluation services.

The integration of spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in exosome spatial omics allows for the precise mapping of exosomes' positions and interactions within their native tissue environments. This technique addresses the spatial constraints inherent in conventional single-cell sequencing methods, which is essential for a thorough understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms. By analyzing the spatial dynamics of exosomes, researchers can gain a deeper insight into their roles in various physiological and pathological states, such as within tumor microenvironments, neurodegenerative conditions, and immune system responses.