Exosomes Isolated from Fruits
Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, play pivotal roles in intercellular communication and biomolecular transport. Recent research has focused on exosomes isolated from fruits, highlighting their bioactive properties and potential for use in a variety of applications, from drug delivery to skincare and nutrition.
Creative Biostructure offers more than 100 types of fruit exosomes, including citrus, berries, stone fruits, melons and cucurbits, etc. Each exosome contains different biologically active ingredients to meet your different industrial production needs.
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Fruits: Good Sources of Exosomes
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (EV), have received considerable attention for their potential role in modulating cellular processes, including those involved in health and disease. While much of the focus on exosomes has been on animal sources, the isolation and characterization of EVs from plants (plant-based exosomes) have emerged as a promising area of research. Recent studies suggest that EVs derived from edible plants, particularly fruits, may contain pharmacologically active molecules with potential therapeutic applications.
Exosomes isolated from fruits typically range in size from 30 to 200 nm, similar to intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) found in plants and EVs described in mammalian systems. The isolated vesicles exhibited variability in size and membrane structure, with some exhibiting a double membrane and others a single membrane, reflecting the diversity of EV populations observed in other systems. Therefore, fruits, including grape, grapefruit, and lemon, are not only good sources of EVs, but also provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of EV release and their potential biological functions.
Figure 1. In vivo secretion of EVs in grapes. (Pérez-Bermúdez et al., 2020)
The Growing List of Fruit-Derived Exosomes
Fruits, with their vast biochemical diversity, are an excellent source of exosomes. Here's an extensive list of our fruit-derived exosome products:
| Category | Description | Examples |
| Citrus Fruits | Citrus exosomes are rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids, potentially offering benefits for skin health, immune function, and inflammation control. | |
| Berries | Berry-derived exosomes are packed with polyphenols and anthocyanins, compounds known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. | |
| Stone Fruits | These exosomes often carry carotenoids, which support skin health and combat oxidative stress. | |
| Tropical and Exotic Fruits | Tropical fruit exosomes are lauded for their unique lipid profiles and bioactive compounds, ideal for skin hydration and repair. | |
| Melons and Cucurbits | Melon exosomes are known for their hydrating and soothing properties. | |
| Unique and Specialty Fruits | These exosomes stand out for their rare bioactive compounds, which hold potential in niche therapeutic applications. |
Applications of Exosomes Isolated from Fruits
Drug Delivery
Fruit-derived exosomes are ideal candidates for targeted drug delivery. Due to their small size and ability to cross biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, these exosomes can carry therapeutic agents directly to specific cells or tissues. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Grapefruits has been shown to be effective carriers for anti-inflammatory drugs, enhancing their efficacy while reducing side effects.
Skincare
Exosomes isolated from fruits are becoming increasingly popular in cosmetic formulations. Their ability to deliver active ingredients deep into the skin makes them effective in treating signs of aging, inflammation and hyperpigmentation. PNExo™ Exosome-Apple, for example, can increase collagen production and reduce matrix degradation in dermal fibroblasts, offering promising anti-aging benefits.
Nutrition and Functional Foods
Fruit-derived exosomes can be incorporated into functional foods and beverages to enhance their nutritional value. These exosomes are packed with antioxidants, vitamins and lipids that can support health and prevent disease. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Strawberry helps preserve vitamin C activity and protect human cells from oxidative stress.
Agriculture and Food Preservation
Exosome-based solutions are emerging as innovative tools for preserving the freshness of fruits and vegetables. These solutions utilize the natural antimicrobial properties of exosomes to inhibit microbial growth and effectively extend shelf life.
Recent Case Studies on Exosomes Isolated from Fruits
Case Study 1: Grape exosome-like nanoparticles induce intestinal stem cells and protect mice from DSS-induced colitis
Grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs), which pass through the intestinal tract throughout life, have largely unknown impacts or functions. This study demonstrates that GELNs target intestinal stem cells and mediate intestinal tissue remodeling and protection against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Coculturing Lgr5+ stem cells with GELNs significantly improved organoid formation, indicating their potential to stimulate stem cell activity. GELN lipids are crucial for inducing Lgr5+ stem cells, and liposome-like nanoparticles (LLNs) formed from these lipids are necessary for effective in vivo targeting. Additionally, blocking β-catenin–mediated signaling in recipient cells reduced Lgr5+ stem cell production. The results suggest that GELNs not only aid in intestinal tissue renewal but also play a role in remodeling the tissue in response to pathological conditions. Furthermore, oral administration of GELNs increased the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, as evidenced by a higher number of Ki67+ proliferating cells, particularly among Lgr5+ stem cells, indicating their role in promoting self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium.
Figure 2. GELNs induce the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 mice or C57BL/6j mice were gavage-administered GELNs (2 mg per mouse in 200 μl PBS) or a vehicle (PBS) every day for 7 days, and were killed at day 7. (a) Lgr5-EGFP and Ki67 expression in intestinal crypts of Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 mice PKH26- EGFP+ cells were examined by confocal microscopy (left) and were quantified (right). Original magnification 60×. The arrow head indicates Lgr5-EGFP+Ki67+ cells. **P < 0.01. (Ju et al., 2013)
Case Study 2: Citrus limon-derived nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress CML xenograft growth
This study identifies a specific fraction of nanovesicles from lemon juice (Citrus limon L.), isolated via ultracentrifugation, with a unique proteomic profile. These lemon nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation in various tumor lines by activating TRAIL-mediated apoptotic pathways and suppress chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) tumor growth in vivo, specifically targeting tumor sites.
Experiments confirmed that lemon nanovesicles are internalized by cancer cells, such as A549 lung carcinoma and LAMA84 leukemia cells, in a time-dependent manner through active biological processes. Lemon nanovesicles reduced tumor cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, achieving 50% growth reduction in A549, SW480 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), and LAMA84 cells with 20 μg/ml after 48 hours. Importantly, these nanovesicles did not affect non-cancerous cell lines, such as HS5, HUVEC, or PBMC, demonstrating their tumor-specific action. The anti-proliferative effects were dependent on vesicle integrity, as boiling or sonication eliminated their efficacy. These findings suggest lemon-derived nanovesicles as a promising, targeted approach for cancer treatment.
Figure 3. Citrus nanovesicles inhibit the growth of tumor cell lines. A. Cell growth was measured by MTT assay after 24, 48, 72 h of treatment with 5 or 20 μg/ml of nanovesicles. The values were plotted as absorbance. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. B. Cancer cell survival was assessed by colony formation assay in methylcellulose. Cells were plated in methylcellulose in presence or not of 5 and 20 μg/ml of Citrus nanovesicles. The values were plotted as fold change compared to control cells (untreated cells). Each point in the histogram represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant values in comparison to control (Ctrl) (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001). (Raimondo et al., 2015)
Case Study 3: Development and characterization of a gel formulation containing golden cherry exosomes (Physalis minima) as a potential anti-photoaging.
This study explores the development of a gel containing exosomes derived from golden cherry (Physalis minima) for the treatment of photoaging. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have shown potential in increasing collagen synthesis and providing antioxidant effects that can mitigate photoaging. The gel formulation was optimized using a polymeric base (natrosol at 0.25%) and different concentrations of golden cherry exosomes. The final gel exhibited favorable properties such as skin-compatible pH, suitable viscosity and stability, with only minor changes in viscosity and pH observed over time. The gel also maintained the structural integrity of the exosomes, which demonstrated antioxidant activity. These results suggest that golden cherry exosomes incorporated into a gel may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of photoaging.
As shown in Figure 4, the power law index derived from the curve is 0.5286, which is less than 1. Thus, the result indicated that the formulation with golden cherry exosomes possessed non-Newtonian systems, especially with pseudoplastic behavior. This suggested that the developed formulation is favorable and comfortable for skin application.
Figure 4. Graph that represents the relationship between shear stress and shear rate for gel containing golden cherry exosomes. (Setiadi et al., 2024)
Advantages of Our Exosomes Isolated from Fruits
- Biocompatibility and Safety: Fruit-derived exosomes are non-toxic, low-immunogenic and biocompatible, making them suitable for therapeutic applications with minimal risk of side effects and highlighting their drug delivery potential.
- Abundant Bioactives: Fruit exosomes carry antioxidants, vitamins and other phytochemicals that provide health and cosmetic benefits.
- Sustainability: These fruit-derived exosomes offer a more sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to mammalian-derived exosomes, meeting the growing demand for green and natural products in healthcare and biotechnology.
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FAQs About Exosomes Isolated from Fruits
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What are exosomes isolated from fruits?
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and RNA. When isolated from fruits, these exosomes have unique biological properties that can be used in various applications such as drug delivery, skincare, and nutritional supplements.
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What types of fruits are used to isolate exosomes?
Exosomes can be isolated from a variety of fruits, including citrus fruits (e.g., oranges and lemons), berries (e.g., strawberries and blueberries), melons (e.g., watermelons, Croissant melons), stone fruits (e.g., peaches, cherries), and cucurbits (e.g., cucumbers). Each type of fruit offers different bioactive compounds and properties.
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What makes fruit-derived exosomes different from mammalian exosomes?
Fruit-derived exosomes have several advantages over mammalian exosomes, including lower immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and better consumer acceptance. They also provide a more sustainable and cost-effective source of exosomes, making them ideal for a variety of applications.
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Are fruit-derived exosomes safe for cosmetic use?
Yes, fruit-derived exosomes are considered safe for cosmetic applications. Due to their biocompatibility and non-immunogenic properties, they are increasingly being used in skincare products to promote cell regeneration, reduce inflammation and improve skin hydration and elasticity.
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Can fruit exosomes be used for nutritional purposes?
Yes, fruit-derived exosomes have potential applications in nutrition, particularly for enhancing the bioavailability and delivery of nutrients or bioactive compounds. They can be used in functional foods or dietary supplements to improve health outcomes, including boosting immune function or promoting gut health.
Contact our experts today to discover how our exosomes isolated from fruits can elevate your production development.
References
- Ju S, Mu J, Dokland T, et al. Grape exosome-like nanoparticles induce intestinal stem cells and protect mice from DSS-induced colitis. Molecular Therapy. 2013;21(7):1345-1357.
- Pérez-Bermúdez P, Blesa J, Soriano JM, Marcilla A. Extracellular vesicles in food: Experimental evidence of their secretion in grape fruits. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;98:40-50.
- Raimondo S, Naselli F, Fontana S, et al. Citrus limon-derived nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress CML xenograft growth by inducing trail-mediated cell death. Oncotarget. 2015;6(23):19514-19527.
- Setiadi VE, Adlia A, Barlian A, Ayuningtyas FD, Rachmawati H. Development and characterization of a gel formulation containing golden cherry exosomes (Physalis minima) as a potential anti-photoaging. PNT. 2024;12(1):56-67.
