Exosomes Isolated from Flowers

Exosomes isolated from flowers, extracellular vesicles secreted by flower tissue cells, are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. With demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, these exosomes hold great promise for applications in biomedicine, skincare, and agriculture.

At Creative Biostructure, we proudly offer a diverse range of high-quality exosomes derived from various floricultural sources. Utilizing advanced separation technologies, we deliver superior products tailored to explore their applications and benefits for your industry needs.

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Floral Exosomes: Nature's Sustainable Solution for Health and Beauty

Exosomes from flowers are a relatively new area of study. Historically, plant-based exosomes have not been as well understood or as widely used as animal exosomes. However, as plant exosomes begin to gain more attention, scientists are discovering their potential to deliver valuable biomolecules in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

Floral exosomes contain genetic material, proteins, and metabolites that can provide specific benefits. For example, some flowers may contain exosomes rich in antioxidants, growth factors, or other bioactive compounds that can promote tissue regeneration, support the immune system, or improve skin health.

The unique properties of plant exosomes—such as their ability to naturally target specific tissues and cells—make them ideal for specific applications, particularly in agriculture and cosmetics. The flower-derived exosomal delivery system holds promise as a means of transporting active ingredients to areas of need, thereby maximizing the efficacy of therapies and treatments.

Several techniques are commonly used to isolate exosomes from flowers. Ultracentrifugation is a widely used method to isolate high-purity extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various sources, involving multiple rounds of centrifugation at progressively higher speeds to separate exosomes based on size. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is another technique that separates exosomes by size, provides high-purity isolation, and is often used in combination with ultracentrifugation. In addition, the PEG-based precipitation method (polymer precipitation) is a cost-effective and scalable approach to isolate plant-derived exosomes (PDEVs), especially when dealing with large sample volumes. This method has been optimized for efficient isolation, providing reproducibility and the ability to handle large sample sizes, making it a promising strategy for scaling up exosome isolation from flowers, as demonstrated with Aloe saponaria peels (PNExo™ Exosome-Aloe). These methods can be combined depending on the desired purity, yield, and scale of exosome isolation.

Figure 1. Isolation of PDEVs from Aloe saponaria peels. (Kim et al., 2022)

Applications of Exosomes Isolated from Flowers

Biomedical Applications

In the biomedical field, flower exosomes show promise as natural drug delivery systems due to their ability to target specific cells and tissues. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Hibiscus could potentially deliver therapeutic compounds for cardiovascular health. In addition, their regenerative properties make them valuable in wound healing and tissue repair. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Lavender, known for its soothing and healing properties, could be used in clinical therapies to accelerate skin regeneration and reduce inflammation in injuries.

Cosmetic and Skincare

Exosomes from flowers have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. Flower exosomes are increasingly being incorporated into skincare formulations to help with tissue repair, anti-aging, and skin rejuvenation. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Aloe, PNExo™ Exosome-Camellia, and PNExo™ Exosome-Hibiscus, are popular for their anti-aging effects and ability to promote skin hydration, elasticity, and collagen production.

Additionally, the potential of flower exosomes to enhance the skin's natural barrier function and improve cellular turnover makes them ideal candidates for targeted skincare treatments. Research has shown that flower exosomes can deliver growth factors and cytokines that stimulate the healing process of damaged or aged skin.

Nutraceuticals

Exosomes isolated from flowers carry bioactive compounds, including proteins, lipids, and phytochemicals that can enhance immune function, improve digestion, and support overall health. They can be incorporated into foods to provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Rosa chinensis, known for their antioxidant properties, can be used in dietary supplements to combat oxidative stress and support cellular health.

Agriculture and Horticulture

In agriculture, flowers-derived exosomes can be used to improve plant health and growth. Exosomes can carry plant hormones, growth factors, and other biomolecules that support seed germination, pest resistance, and overall plant development. For example, PNExo™ Exosome-Gladiolus could be used to improve flowering in ornamental plants or increase fruit production in crops.

In addition, flower exosomes could serve as natural biopesticides or crop protection agents, providing an environmentally friendly solution for sustainable agriculture.

Recent Case Studies on Exosomes Isolated from Flowers

Case Study 1: Immunostimulatory effect via TNF-α/NF-ΚB/PU.1 axis of novel plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles from Catharanthus roseus

This study focused on Catharanthus roseus leaf-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (CLDENs) isolated from apoplastic fluid demonstrated their potential as chemotherapeutic immune modulators. CLDENs are membrane-structured vesicles that exhibit exceptional stability, withstanding enzymatic digestion, extreme pH and gastrointestinal fluid conditions.

Biodistribution studies showed that CLDENs target immune organs and are internalized by immune cells after injection. Lipidomic analysis revealed a unique composition, while proteomics confirmed their multivesicular body origin and identified six marker proteins. In vitro, CLDENs enhanced macrophage polarization, phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. In immunosuppressed mice, CLDENs alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced white blood cell depletion and bone marrow cell cycle arrest, stimulated TNF-α secretion, activated NF-κB signaling, and increased hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1 expression.

Figure 2. Immunostimulatory effects of CLDENs in vitro. A CLDENs promoted the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells, while it had no significant promotion effect on the secretion of IL-1β and IL-10. B CLDENs promoted nitric oxide release from RAW264.7 cells. C CLDENs increased the expression level of nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells. D, E Effect of CLDENs on the ability of RAW264.7 cells to phagocytose FITC-Dextran. Data were shown in mean fluorescence intensity (D) and histogram (E). F, G CLDENs enhanced RAW macrophage surface antigen CD86 and MHC II expression but had no discernible impact on CD206 expression. Data were shown in mean fluorescence intensity (G) and histogram (F). (Ou et al., 2023)

Case Study 2: Extract from Falcaria vulgaris loaded with exosomes for the treatment of hypertension in pregnant mice: in vitro and in vivo investigations

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health, necessitating innovative therapies. This study explored the use of an Exo/FV complex, combining exosomes with an extract from Falcaria vulgaris (FV), as a potential treatment for hypertension in pregnant mice. FV contains antioxidants, antimicrobials, and phenolic compounds known to lower blood pressure.

In vivo tests on mice with L-NAME-induced hypertension showed that Exo/FV effectively reduced blood pressure by modulating redox states. The treatment increased non-protein thiol (NP-SH) levels, decreased lipid peroxidation, and influenced enzymatic activity, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), arginase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). These results highlight the Exo/FV complex as a promising therapeutic agent for managing pregnancy-related hypertension.

Figure 3. The pregnant mice's blood pressure, shown in (A), shows the difference between their systolic blood pressure before and after L-NAME caused hypertension. The blood pressure of animals given FV or Exo/FV changed, and Exo/FV tended to lower blood pressure, (B) displays changes in diastolic blood pressure as a result of FV and Exo/FV treatment, and the * denotes (p < 0.05) significantly different from control. (Chen et al., 2024)

Case Study 3: Protective effect of Iris germanica L. rhizome-derived exosome against oxidative-stress-induced cellular senescence in human epidermal keratinocytes

This study investigates the protective effects of Iris germanica L. rhizome-derived exosomes (Iris-exosomes) on oxidative stress-induced cellular dysfunction in human epidermal keratinocytes (nHEKs). Iris-exosomes, ranging from 100–300 nm, were found to be non-toxic at concentrations up to 10⁷ particles/mL and effectively restored H₂O₂-induced cell viability loss. They significantly reduced ROS levels and increased antioxidant enzyme transcription in nHEKs. Additionally, Iris-exosomes decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells and modulated p21, a cell cycle arrest marker. They also restored wound healing and keratinization markers (keratin 1 and 10) to control levels. The results suggest that Iris-exosomes have antioxidant and anti-senescence properties, offering protection against oxidative stress-induced cellular dysfunction in nHEKs.

Figure 4. Protective effect of Iris-exosome on cell viability against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. (a) Cell viabilities pretreated with Iris-exosomes for 24 h and examined using WST-1 assay. (b) Cell viability of nHEKs with H₂O₂ for 24 h. (c) nHEKs were treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 24 h after Iris-exosomes for 4 h and cell viability was measured via MTT assay. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared with untreated cells; ### p < 0.001 compared with H₂O₂-treated cells. (Kim et al., 2023)

Advantages of Our Exosomes Isolated from Flowers

• High Biocompatibility: Because they are derived from plants, flower exosomes are less likely to induce adverse immune responses compared to animal-derived exosomes or synthetic nanocarriers. This makes them a safe option for various applications, especially in drug delivery.
• Wide Range of Applications: The variety of flower species used to isolate exosomes opens up a wide range of potential applications. Whether in the cosmetic, agricultural, or pharmaceutical industries, there is a flower exosome to meet different needs and goals.
• Therapeutic Potential: With their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, these exosomes offer significant potential for therapeutic applications. They are being investigated for the treatment of chronic diseases, cancer and skin disorders, where they may help reduce inflammation, combat oxidative stress and promote healing.
• Eco-friendly and Sustainability: Flower exosomes are a more sustainable alternative to synthetic materials. By using natural plant sources, the production of flower-derived exosomes contributes to environmentally friendly practices. They are also a sustainable source for advanced therapeutic applications, reducing the need for synthetic materials.

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FAQs About Exosomes Isolated from Flowers

• What are flower-derived exosomes?

  Flower-derived exosomes are extracellular vesicles isolated from various parts of flowers such as petals, pollen and leaves. They are a type of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs). Our product list contains more than 100 exosomes from different flowers.

• What are the properties of exosomes isolated from flowers?

  In terms of cargo and functional roles: The exosomes from flowers may transport bioactive molecules that help in plant communication, such as signaling molecules or RNAs that can influence gene expression in recipient cells. In flowers, these exosomes may play a role in pollination, stress adaptation, or plant-pathogen interactions. In terms of biological activity: Some studies suggest that flower-derived exosomes may have therapeutic potential, especially when considering their use in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications due to their ability to carry active compounds.

• How are flower exosomes isolated?

  Flower exosomes are isolated using advanced biotechnological methods such as ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and filtration. These techniques allow for the separation of exosomes from other plant-derived materials like proteins and lipids.

• Are flower exosomes safe for human use?

  Yes, flower exosomes are considered safe for human use, especially in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Their biocompatibility and natural origin make them a desirable alternative to animal-derived exosomes.

• What are the potential uses of flower-derived exosomes in cosmetics?

  Flower-derived exosomes are being studied for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in skincare products, such as wound healing and anti-aging products.

Contact us today to learn more about how flower-derived exosomes can bring new possibilities to your projects.

References

1. Chen J, Wang H, Zhu J. Extract from Falcaria vulgaris loaded with exosomes for the treatment of hypertension in pregnant mice: In vitro and In vivo investigations. Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering. 2024;35(6):509-521.
2. Kim JS, Lee HJ, Yoon EJ, et al. Protective effect of Iris germanica L. rhizome-derived exosome against oxidative-stress-induced cellular senescence in human epidermal keratinocytes. Applied Sciences. 2023;13(21):11681.
3. Kim M, Park JH. Isolation of Aloe saponaria-derived extracellular vesicles and investigation of their potential for chronic wound healing. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(9):1905.
4. Ou X, Wang H, Tie H, et al. Novel plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles from Catharanthus roseus: preparation, characterization, and immunostimulatory effect via TNF-α/NF-κB/PU.1 axis. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21(1):160.